I have already become a
cyborg. So have you. What will it mean to live a life when the word ‘human’ no longer applies?
There are many ways to
think about cyborgs. Some think of
science fiction creatures like the Borg in Star
Trek. Older folks may remember the Six Million
Dollar Man television program where a broken man was re-engineered into
something stronger. Even Luke Skywalker
had a prosthetic arm allowing
him to be a cyborg like his father Darth Vader.
When we add systems to our
bodies and then become dependent upon them we become cyborgs. Recent
research has shown that when we use tools regularly, they become extensions
of our brain, even if not “hard wired” into our nervous systems. Our minds begin to identify the tools as a
part of the body.
Egyptian prosthetic toe |
When the body gets input from a tool being used,
the brain adapts to that tool creating a feedback loop. It is not enough to have a tool; it is the
feedback to change the brains behavior, the very structure of the brains
neurons, which identifies a tool as a cyborg enhancement.
According to the research,
rather than being thought of only as an extension of our bodies, our gadgets
have become tangible, functional substitutes for our bodies.
Early Cyborgs
The ancient Egyptians
created the first primitive cyborgs by creating prosthetic to replace a lost
body parts. These replacement toes became
apart of the persons stride when walking.
War has brought great
advances to the creation of artificial body parts to extend lost limbs.
Wounded veterans become cyborgs |
The prosthetics
industry was born after the U.S. Civil War when tens of thousands of
wounded required peg legs and artificial arms.
The recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have advanced cyborg
technology even further.
With real like skin
coverings, mechanical arms now sense micro-movements in skin and muscle to aid
amputees in performing everyday tasks.
Covered by high tech composite materials, it even becomes difficult to
know a person is using cyborg technology.
The next looming generation
of cyborg technology is already here.
Hardwired prosthetics connect directly to the nervous system bypassing
muscle and skin.
Already working in the
lab and in test subjects, this new level of body integration is creating humans
that are not all human anymore.
You are a Cyborg
You may already have
prosthetics attached to your body. Anyone with a filling, crown or implanted
tooth has augmented their body. This
dental technology changes the way you are able to ingest food. Dental work enhances the performance of your mouth to
chew.
Once you start using dental tools
like this, your body adapts to new behavior patterns. It takes only a few days for the brain and
body to accept dental implants as a part of the body itself.
Wired directly into the nervous system |
In the past few moments,
your hand was probably on a mouse or touch screen. These devices are also cyborg
enhancements.
Scrolling the mouse wheel
or sweeping the screen with your finger are the mechanical means by which your
brain is augment by feed back loop technology.
We must admit that our brain has changed its very structure to adapt to
these tools. The feedback loops between
muscle, brain and sight connect us creating a new kind of cyborg organism.
If you watch a child
playing a video game, they are totally integrated into the controller and
television. The controller is a connected
part of their body as they get sight and sound feedback.
You can watch them lean and tilt there heads
to the experience. They have strong
emotional responses when playing. A feeling
of loss occurs when they cannot play.
When the connection with their cyborg tool is broken, their brains
suffer. Clearly these tools are tied
directly into their minds allowing them to become temporarily cyborgs.
Do you have any cyborg teeth? |
Sports are also engaged in
the technological enhancement of human beings.
From runners with new strap on feet to human growth hormone doping, our
athletic competitions are augmenting what it means to compete.
Strictly speaking, doping is not a cyborg
technology because it does not provide a feedback loop. It is, however, leading us
in a direction of manipulating our bodies on a cellular level to augment our
natural physical ability.
Human hearts are enhanced
with pacemakers. Diabetics have insulin
pumps. Artificial kidneys keep people
alive. Contact lenses and even hearing
aids augment our bodies allowing us to become more than we are as biology.
In We Are Cyborgs (part 2) we examine where cyborg technology is going and speculate on its consequences to being human.